The neck is a critical portion of the avian spine, one that works in tandem with the beak to act
as a surrogate forelimb and allows birds to manipulate their surroundings despite the lack of …

The optic flow, ie, the displacement of retinal images of objects in the environment induced
by self-motion, is an important source of spatial information, especially for fast-flying insects …

A novel multi-layer structure with functions for dynamic stabilization and vibration isolation,
bio-inspired by the role of an avian neck, is proposed in this paper. Inspired by the fact that …

Bird necks display unparalleled levels of morphological diversity compared to other
vertebrates, yet it is unclear what factors have structured this variation. Using three …

Turbulent winds and gusts fluctuate on a wide range of timescales from milliseconds to
minutes and longer, a range that overlaps the timescales of avian flight behavior, yet the …

Hummingbirds are nature's masters of aerobatic manoeuvres. Previous research shows that
hummingbirds and insects converged evolutionarily upon similar aerodynamic mechanisms …

Perching at speed is among the most demanding flight behaviours that birds perform, and is
beyond the capability of most autonomous vehicles. Smaller birds may touch down by …

Information about self-motion and obstacles in the environment is encoded by optic flow, the
movement of images on the eye. Decades of research have revealed that flying insects …

Birds improve vision by stabilizing head position relative to their surroundings, while their
body is forced up and down during flapping flight. Stabilization is facilitated by compensatory …

Gaze behavior offers valuable insights into attention and cognition. However, technological
limitations have prevented the examination of animals' gaze behavior in natural, information …