Background The cardiopulmonary haemodynamic profile observed during exercise may
identify patients with early-stage pulmonary vascular and primary cardiac diseases, and is …

Exercise stress testing of the pulmonary circulation for the diagnosis of latent or early-stage
pulmonary hypertension (PH) is gaining acceptance. There is emerging consensus to define …

Background: Exercise hemodynamics can differentiate heart failure with preserved ejection
fraction (HFpEF) from noncardiac dyspnea. However, respiratory pressure swings may …

Pulmonary artery catheterization is a diagnostic procedure in which a catheter is inserted
through a central vein and advanced toward the pulmonary artery to measure right atrial …

Background Resting right heart catheterization can assess both left heart filling and
pulmonary artery (PA) pressures to identify and classify pulmonary hypertension. Although …

The classic definition of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a mean pulmonary artery
pressure (mPAP) of 20 mmHg. The gold standard for assessing pulmonary hemodynamics …

Rationale: Current methods assessing clinical risk because of exercise intolerance in
patients with cardiopulmonary disease rely on a small subset of traditional variables …

Purpose An augmented pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) response may explain
exercise intolerance in some humans. However, routine use of exercise hemodynamic …

Background The pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) response to exercise may
unmask latent heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. There remains a lack of …

Key points A consistent inverse hyperbolic relationship has been observed between
pulmonary vascular resistance and compliance, although changes in pulmonary artery …