Stuttering occurs in early childhood during a dynamic phase of brain and behavioral
development. The latest studies examining children at ages close to this critical …

Hyperkinesias are heterogeneous involuntary movements that significantly differ in terms of
clinical and semeiological manifestations, including rhythm, regularity, speed, duration, and …

Background Essential tremor of voice (ETv) is characterized by involuntary oscillations of
laryngeal and upper airway muscles, causing rhythmic alterations in pitch and loudness …

The diagnostic framework and the therapeutic management of patients with adult dystonia
can represent a challenge for clinical neurologists. The objective of the present paper is to …

Background and Objectives Laryngeal dystonia (LD) is isolated task-specific focal dystonia
selectively impairing speech production. The first choice of LD treatment is botulinum …

Objective Isolated dystonia is characterized by abnormal, often painful, postures and
repetitive movements due to sustained or intermittent involuntary muscle contractions …

Smartphone technology has been used for at-home health monitoring, but there are few
available applications (apps) for tracking acoustic measures of voice for those with chronic …

Purpose The effects of neuromodulation are virtually unexplored in adductor laryngeal
dystonia (AdLD), a disorder characterized by involuntary contraction of intrinsic laryngeal …

Laryngeal dystonia (LD), known or termed as spasmodic dysphonia, is a rare movement
disorder with an unknown cause affecting the intrinsic laryngeal muscles …

Laryngeal dystonia (LD), or spasmodic dysphonia (SD), is a chronic, task-specific, focal
movement disorder affecting the larynx. It interferes primarily with the essential functions of …