Recent advances in studies of immune memory in mice and humans have reinforced the
concept that memory B cells play a critical role in protection against repeated infections …

Currently approved COVID-19 vaccines administered parenterally induce robust systemic
humoral and cellular responses. While highly effective against severe disease, there is …

The upper airway is an important site of infection, but immune memory in the human upper
airway is poorly understood, with implications for COVID-19 and many other human …

B cells play a central role in humoral immunity but also have antibody-independent
functions. Studies to date have focused on B cells in blood and secondary lymphoid organs …

While blood antibodies mediate protective immunity in most organs, whether they protect
nasal surfaces in the upper airway is unclear. Using multiple viral infection models in mice …

Lung-resident memory B cells (MBCs) provide localized protection against reinfection in
respiratory airways. Currently, the biology of these cells remains largely unexplored. Here …

Lung-resident memory B cells (lung-BRMs) differentiate into plasma cells after reinfection,
providing enhanced pulmonary protection. Here, we investigated the determinants of lung …

The B cell response to different pathogens uses tailored effector mechanisms and results in
functionally specialized memory B (Bm) cell subsets, including CD21+ resting, CD21 …

Epithelial barriers, which include the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and genitourinary mucosa,
compose the body's front line of defense. Since barrier tissues are persistently exposed to …

The olfactory mucosa is a component of the nasal airway that mediates the sense of smell.
Recent studies point to an important role for the olfactory mucosa as a barrier to both …