Background In high-income countries childbearing has been increasingly postponed since
the 1970s and it is crucial to understand the consequences of this demographic shift. The …

The existing empirical evidence on the effects of birth order on wages does not distinguish
between temporary and permanent effects. Using data from 11 European countries for …

While recent research has found that birth order affects outcomes such as education and
earnings, the evidence for effects on health is more limited. This paper uses a large …

This study uses data on fully adopted sibling groups to test whether the explanation for the
consistently observed negative effects of birth order are physiological or social in origin …

A growing body of evidence suggests that reproductive history influences post-reproductive
mortality. A potential explanation for this association is confounding by socioeconomic status …

We analyze the relationship between birth order, parental health investment and children's
health using administrative data from Austria. We show that later-born children have better …

Big data is an exciting prospect for the field of economic history, which has long depended
on the acquisition, keying, and cleaning of scarce numerical information about the past. This …

Using data from India's National Family Health Survey, 2005–06 (NFHS-3), this article
examines the patterns of relationship between birth order and infant mortality. The analysis …

A growing body of research has examined whether birth intervals influence perinatal
outcomes and child health as well as long-term educational and socioeconomic outcomes …

Background Fetal environment has a substantial influence on an individual's health
throughout their life course. Animal models of hypertensive disease of pregnancy have …