The expansion of modern cities has increased the popularity of large space buildings.
However, without appropriate building designs and efficient heating, ventilation, and air …

More and more public buildings have functional zones without physical partitioning, and non-
uniform thermal environments often exist inside it. Understanding this phenomenon and its …

The demand for low-carbon and energy-efficient building designs is urgent, especially
considering that building energy consumption constitutes a significant part of global energy …

Atriums have recently been applied with increasing frequency for natural illumination,
though they produce a harsh indoor thermal environment. Cooling energy consumption is …

Large space buildings often use stratified air conditioning, which has the advantages of
reducing energy consumption and improving indoor air quality. The airflow pattern of low …

Ice rinks feature typical non-uniform indoor environment with evident vertical and horizontal
parameter differences. A validated CFD model established based on the on-site …

In tall and large (T&L) public spaces, occupant distribution and its variation may impact the
thermal environment and thus the operation of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning …

Stratified air-conditioning (STRAC) has been deployed in large space buildings to achieve
vertical thermal stratification with significant energy-saving potential. This research focuses …

On-site measurements in four different ice arenas were carried out under multiple working
conditions to study the indoor vertical temperature and humidity distributions. It's indicated …

Stratum ventilation has significant thermal non-uniformity between the occupied and upper
zones. Although the non-uniformity benefits indoor air quality and energy efficiency, it …