Background: The cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are membrane-bound hemoproteins
that play a pivotal role in the detoxification of xenobiotics, cellular metabolism and …

Steroid sulfation and desulfation are fundamental pathways vital for a functional vertebrate
endocrine system. After biosynthesis, hydrophobic steroids are sulfated to expedite …

In addition to its role as a metabolic waste product, uric acid has been proposed to be an
important molecule with multiple functions in human physiologic and pathophysiologic …

In liver and intestine, transporters play a critical role in maintaining the enterohepatic
circulation and bile acid homeostasis. Over the past two decades, there has been significant …

To commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Society of Toxicology, this special edition
article reviews the history and current scope of xenobiotic metabolism and transport, with …

1. P-glycoprotein (P-gp/MDR1), one of the most clinically important transmembrane
transporters in humans, is encoded by the ABCB1/MDR1 gene. Recent insights into the …

Multidrug Resistance Proteins (MRPs), together with the cystic fibrosis conductance
regulator (CFTR/ABCC7) and the sulfonylurea receptors (SUR1/ABCC8 and SUR2/ABCC9) …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) serves as a protective mechanism for the brain by preventing
entry of potentially harmful substances from free access to the central nervous system …

Drug transporters are recognized as key players in the processes of drug absorption,
distribution, metabolism, and elimination. The localization of uptake and efflux transporters …

Drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and transporters play pivotal roles in the disposition
and detoxification of numerous foreign and endogenous chemicals. To accommodate …