Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that can develop after a
traumatic experience such as domestic violence, natural disasters or combat-related trauma …

Summary Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is a commonly inherited form of intellectual disability
and one of the leading genetic causes for autism spectrum disorder. Clinical symptoms of …

The brain's ability to associate different stimuli is vital for long-term memory, but how neural
ensembles encode associative memories is unknown. Here we studied how cell ensembles …

Recent work on the extinction of fear-motivated learning places emphasis on its putative
circuitry and on its modulation. Extinction is the learned inhibition of retrieval of previously …

Cholinergic input to the neocortex, dorsal hippocampus (dHipp), and basolateral amygdala
(BLA) is critical for neural function and synaptic plasticity in these brain regions. Synaptic …

The neural circuitry underlying the fear response is extremely well conserved across
mammalian species, which has allowed for the rapid translation of research findings in …

An early finding in the behavioral analysis of learning was that conditioned responding
weakens as the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) are separated …

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is believed to support hippocampus-dependent learning
and emotional regulation. These putative functions of adult neurogenesis have typically …

Background Acute intoxication with organophosphorus (OP) cholinesterase inhibitors can
trigger convulsions that progress to life-threatening status epilepticus. Survivors face long …

Trace fear conditioning, in which a brief empty “trace interval” occurs between presentation
of the CS and UCS, differs from standard delay conditioning in that contributions from both …