It is now widely accepted that good welfare is not simply the absence of negative
experiences, but rather is primarily the presence of positive experiences such as pleasure …

Although touch is one of the most neglected modalities of communication, several lines of
research bear on the important communicative functions served by the modality. The authors …

Seven types of evidence are reviewed that indicate that high subjective well‐being (such as
life satisfaction, absence of negative emotions, optimism, and positive emotions) causes …

Displacement activities are behaviour patterns (mostly body care activities) characterized by
their apparent irrelevance to the situation in which they appear. Scratching, autogrooming …

In recent years, zoos and aquaria have intensified efforts to develop approaches and tools
for assessing the welfare of populations and individual animals in their care. Advances …

Neurobiological studies of attachment are either abundant or scarce, depending on one's
research tradition and scientific understanding of the term “attachment.” On the one hand …

Traditionally, research on human stress has relied mostly on physiological and
psychological measures with a relatively minor emphasis on the behavioral aspects of the …

Heart rate telemetry was explored as a means to access animal emotion during social
interactions under naturalistic conditions. Heart rates of 2 middle-ranking adult females …

Abstract. It is commonly suggested that the principal function of allogrooming is to reduce
social tension between group members, but direct evidence of the physiological …

How individuals interact with their environment and respond to changes is a key area of
research in evolutionary biology. A physiological parameter that provides an instant proxy …