Recognizing the imperative to evaluate species recovery and conservation impact, in 2012
the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) called for development of a …

Overexploitation has directly, negatively affected marine fish populations in the past half-
century, modifying not only their abundance but their behaviour and life-history traits. The …

As environmental degradation continues at local, regional, and global levels, people's
accepted norms for natural environmental conditions are likely to decline. This …

Aim Population density is a key parameter in ecology and conservation, and estimates of
population density are required for a wide variety of applications in fundamental and applied …

Humans have reshaped the distribution of biodiversity across the globe, extirpating species
from regions otherwise suitable and restricting populations to a subset of their original …

Reference conditions are necessary to assess the conservation status of species,
understand their declines, and manage their recovery. Historical documents offer large …

Much of the world's formerly “intact” land cover has been modified by humans with major
impacts on biodiversity. Extensive areas of already modified land are now being subjected …

Temporal patterns of biodiversity are often difficult to interpret because of our limited
understanding of how communities vary through time and how processes drive this …

Abstract Setting relevant temporal baselines is critical to understanding biodiversity change
and the full impact of various pressures on biodiversity. Current knowledge of biodiversity …

Ongoing biodiversity loss represents the erosion of intrinsic value of living nature, reduces
the contributions nature provides to people, and undermines efforts to move towards …