INTRODUCTION It is well recognized that opioids are the analgesics of choice for the
treatment of moderate to severe pain. However, a large number of clinical studies have …

In the clinical setting, drug concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are sometimes used
as a surrogate for drug concentrations at the target site within the brain. However, the brain …

Western blots show the constitutive expression of COX-1 and COX-2 in the rat spinal dorsal
and ventral horns and in the dorsal root ganglia. Using selective inhibitors of …

IMPLICATIONS: Large concentrations of local anesthetics administered intrathecally
increased glutamate concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid. The margin of safety may be …

Behavioral models indicate that persistent small afferent input, as generated by tissue injury,
results in a hyperalgesia at the site of injury and a tactile allodynia in areas adjacent to the …

To explore whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a role in the pathogenesis of
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a unique microdialysis or microcannula sampling …

From a classical viewpoint, tolerance to analgesic effects of opiates refers to the decreased
effectiveness of a given opiate following its repeated use.[11] Despite much research, it has …

The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of the tricyclic antidepressant
amitriptyline on morphine tolerance in rats. Male Wistar rats were implanted with two …

1 The responses of wide dynamic range spinal dorsal horn neurones to noxious mechanical
stimulation of the ankle or knee joint were tested before and after spinal administration of the …

This study examines key elements of glutamatergic transmission within sensory ganglia of
the rat. We show that the soma of primary sensory neurons release glutamate when …