Background The second consensus criteria for the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy
(MSA) are widely recognized as the reference standard for clinical research, but lack …

Importance Neurofilament light protein (NfL) is elevated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a
number of neurological conditions compared with healthy controls (HC) and is a candidate …

Prions are proteins that adopt alternative conformations that become self-propagating; the
PrPSc prion causes the rare human disorder Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD). We report …

Parkinsonism, the clinical term for a disorder with prominent bradykinesia and variable
associated extrapyramidal signs and symptoms, is accompanied by degeneration of the …

Objective To provide a 16-year update from the authors' 1996 report documenting a 38%
conversion from idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) to a …

Background Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are pathophysiologic
mechanisms implicated in experimental models and genetic forms of Parkinson's disease …

Importance Changes over time in the incidence of parkinsonism and Parkinson disease
(PD) remain uncertain. Objective To investigate secular trends (period effects) and birth …

Objective: To devise a short bedside cognitive and behavioral battery to assess frontal lobe
functions. Methods: The designed battery consists of six subtests exploring the following …

Background: A consensus conference on multiple system atrophy (MSA) in 1998
established criteria for diagnosis that have been accepted widely. Since then, clinical …

Background Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a fatal and still poorly understood
degenerative movement disorder that is characterised by autonomic failure, cerebellar …