Using chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence many aspects of the photosynthetic apparatus can be
studied, both in vitro and, noninvasively, in vivo. Complementary techniques can help to …

Chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) has been used for decades to study the organization,
functioning, and physiology of photosynthesis at the leaf and subcellular levels. ChlF is now …

The significance of photoinhibition in nature is evaluated. Mechanisms of photoinhibition
and their relevance in nature, evidence for and patterns of occurrence of photoinhibition in …

The function of anthocyanins in green, vegetative tissues has always been a contentious
issue. Here we evaluate their proposed photoprotective function since recent findings have …

The timing of the commencement of photosynthesis (P*) in spring is an important
determinant of growing‐season length and thus of the productivity of boreal forests …

The practical utility of chlorophyll fluorescence to forestry applications is reviewed. Major
subjects include a review of past applications, sampling protocols, important fluorescence …

The effect of soil thawing and soil temperature on postwinter recovery of photosynthetic
capacity was studied, during late spring and early summer, in Norway spruce stands in …

Partitioning of excitation energy between photochemical quenching (PQ) and non‐
photochemical quenching (NPQ) processes is constantly adjusted in the leaf in order to …

The occurrence of photoinhibition of photosynthesis in leaves of a willow canopy was
examined by measuring the chlorophyll-a fluorescence ratio of FV/FM (FM is the maximum …

Classic studies have stressed the importance of forest management for soil frost and the
dynamics of soil warming during spring. But, we know very little about the potential loss of …