It has been known for more than 60 years, and suspected for over 100, that alveolar hypoxia
causes pulmonary vasoconstriction by means of mechanisms local to the lung. For the last …

Sepsis is the systemic immune response to severe bacterial infection. The innate immune
recognition of bacterial and viral products is mediated by a family of transmembrane …

Intravital microscopy (IVM) is considered as the gold standard for in vivo investigations of
dynamic microvascular regulation. The availability of transgenic and knockout animals has …

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) in combination with hypercapnic pulmonary
vasoconstriction redistributes pulmonary blood flow from poorly aerated to better ventilated …

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and NO are important gasotransmitters, but how endogenous H2S
affects the circulatory system has remained incompletely understood. Here, we show that …

Purpose The selection and intensity of respiratory support for ARDS are guided by PaO
2/FiO 2. However, ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is linked to respiratory mechanics and …

Objectives: The lung-protective strategy employs positive end-expiratory pressure to keep
open otherwise collapsed lung regions (anatomical recruitment). Improvement in venous …

Background Ventilator-induced lung injury is a form of acute lung injury that develops in
critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation and has a high degree of mortality …

Formation of cardiogenic pulmonary edema in acute left heart failure is traditionally
attributed to increased fluid filtration from pulmonary capillaries and subsequent alveolar …

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous breathing (SB) activity may improve gas exchange during
mechanical ventilation mainly by the recruitment of previously collapsed regions. Pressure …