Pain medication plays an important role in the treatment of acute and chronic pain
conditions, but some drugs, opioids in particular, have been overprescribed or prescribed …

Abstract Development and application of psychophysical test paradigms to assess
endogenous pain modulation in healthy controls and in patients yielded large body of data …

Objective: Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) responses may be affected by psychological
factors such as anxiety, depression, and pain catastrophizing; however, most studies on …

Migraine headache results from activation of meningeal nociceptors, however, the
hypothalamus is activated many hours before the emergence of pain. How hypothalamic …

Quantitative sensory testing (QST) is widely used to assess somatosensory function by
application of controlled stimuli across a variety of modalities. The aim of the present meta …

The response of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC) is often decreased, or lost, in
stress-related functional pain syndromes. Because the dynorphin/kappa opioid receptor …

The role of endogenous analgesic mechanisms has largely been viewed in the context of
gain modulation during nociceptive processing. However, these analgesic mechanisms may …

Objective Assessing mechanical pain thresholds from trigeminal, cervical, and distal pain‐
free areas during the four phases of a migraine cycle in patients with episodic migraine …

Although the prevalence rate of chronic post-traumatic headache (CPTHA) after mild
traumatic brain injury (TBI) reaches up to 95%, its mechanism is unknown, and little is known …

OBJECTIVE: To explore whether people with lower-limb tendinopathy have reduced relative
conditioned pain modulation (CPM) when compared to nontendinopathy controls. DESIGN …