There is no argument to the fact that insect herbivores cause significant losses to plant
productivity in both natural and agricultural ecosystems. To counter this continuous …

Stomata play a central role in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Existing
knowledge regarding the roles of stomata in plant stress is centered on abiotic stresses and …

Most agricultural land, as a result of climate change, experiences severe stress that
significantly reduces agricultural yields. Crop sensing by imaging techniques allows early …

Plants have the ability to recognize and respond to a multitude of microorganisms.
Recognition of pathogens results in a massive reprogramming of the plant cell to activate …

Plants in nature, which are continuously challenged by diverse insect herbivores, produce
constitutive and inducible defenses to reduce insect damage and preserve their own fitness …

Plants and herbivores are remarkably variable in space and time, and variability has been
considered a defining feature of their interactions. Empirical research, however, has …

To determine if damage to foliage by biotic agents, including arthropods, fungi, bacteria and
viral pathogens, universally downregulates the expression of genes involved in …

Since the publication of the third edition of the Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress,
continuous discoveries in the fields of plant and crop environmental stresses and their …

The functional role of herbivores in tropical rainforests remains poorly understood. We
quantified the magnitude of, and underlying controls on, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus …

Biotic stress constrains plant productivity in natural and agricultural ecosystems. Repression
of photosynthetic genes is a conserved plant response to biotic attack, but how this …