Abstract The international American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International
Cancer Control (AJCC/UICC) tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system provides the …

Our understanding of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is rapidly expanding beyond T cell-
centric perspectives to include B cells and plasma cells, collectively referred to as TIL-Bs. In …

Disruption of systemic homeostasis by either chronic or acute stressors, such as obesity or
surgery, alters cancer pathogenesis. Patients with cancer, particularly those with breast …

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) expand in tumor-bearing host. They suppress
anti-tumor immune response and promote tumor growth. Chemokines play a vital role in …

Tumor cells frequently disseminate through the lymphatic system during metastatic spread of
breast cancer and many other types of cancer. Yet it is not clear how tumor cells make their …

B cells are recognized as the main effector cells of humoral immunity which suppress tumor
progression by secreting immunoglobulins, promoting T cell response, and killing cancer …

Immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) has been routinely implemented to treat bladder cancer;
however, most patients have little or no clinical benefit. In this study, 348 pretreated …

Chemokine CXC motif ligand 13 (CXCL13), originally identified as a B-cell chemokine, plays
an important role in the immune system. The interaction between CXCL13 and its receptor …

The tumor microenvironment comprises stromal and tumor cells which interact with each
other through complex cross-talks that are mediated by a variety of growth factors, cytokines …

It was already in the 18th century when the French surgeon LeDran first noted that breast
cancer patients with spread of tumor cells to their axillary lymph nodes had a drastically …