Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorder characterized by
chronic inflammation, demyelination, as well as axonal and neuronal loss in the central …

Epigenetic pathways play a pivotal role in the development and function of the immune
system. Over the last decade, a growing body of studies has been published out seeking to …

Autoimmune diseases (AID) are a collection of many complex disorders of unknown etiology
resulting in immune responses to self-antigens and are thought to result from interactions …

The X chromosome is known to contain the largest number of immune-related genes of the
whole human genome. For this reason, X chromosome has recently become subject of great …

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune disease characterized by clinical
homogeneity among patients, an overwhelming female predominance, production of a …

Epigenetic modifications occur in response to environmental changes and play a
fundamental role in gene expression following environmental stimuli. Major epigenetic …

Autoimmune diseases are usually complex and multifactorial, characterized by aberrant
production of autoreactive immune cells and/or autoantibodies against healthy cells and …

Alterations in DNA methylation patterns, both at specific loci and overall in the genome, have
been associated with many different health outcomes. In cancer and other diseases, most of …

Twin studies are powerful tools to discriminate whether a complex disease is due to genetic
or environmental factors. High concordance rates among monozygotic (MZ) twins support …

Lupus nephritis remains one of the most severe manifestations of systemic lupus
erythematosus associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. A better understanding …