The inkjet technique has the capability of generating droplets in the picoliter volume range,
firing thousands of times in a few seconds and printing in the noncontact manner. Since its …

Cell–material interactions constitute a key fundamental topic in biomaterials study. Various
cell cues and matrix cues as well as soluble factors regulate cell behaviors on materials …

Bacteria often live in diverse communities where the spatial arrangement of strains and
species is considered critical for their ecology. However, a test of this hypothesis requires …

Biofilms are consortia of microorganisms that form collectives through the excretion of
extracellular matrix compounds. The importance of biofilms in biological, industrial and …

Bacterial biofilms represent a promising opportunity for engineering of microbial
communities. However, our ability to control spatial structure in biofilms remains limited …

The spatial organization of microbial communities arises from a complex interplay of biotic
and abiotic interactions, and is a major determinant of ecosystem functions. Here we design …

Introduction: Inkjet-dispensing printing is a promising additive manufacturing method for
pharmaceutical applications such as drug discovery. The unique advantages of this …

Synthetic biology has emerged as a multidisciplinary field that provides new tools and
approaches to address longstanding problems in biology. It integrates knowledge from …

Bacteria can form dense communities called biofilms, where cells are embedded in a self-
produced extracellular matrix. Exploiting competitive interactions between strains within the …

Bacterial adhesion to surfaces and subsequent biofilm formation are a leading cause of
chronic infections and biofouling. These processes are highly sensitive to environmental …