Osmotic and ionic regulation in the Crustacea is mostly accomplished by the multifunctional
gills, together with the excretory organs. In addition to their role in gas exchange, the gills …

Life in fresh water is osmotically and energetically challenging for living organisms, requiring
increases in ion uptake from dilute environments. However, mechanisms of ion uptake from …

Marine to freshwater colonizations constitute among the most dramatic evolutionary
transitions in the history of life. This study examined evolution of ionic regulation following …

Absorption of elevated atmospheric CO2 is causing surface ocean pH to decline, a process
known as ocean acidification (OA). To date, few studies have assessed the physiological …

The euryhaline white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei lives in both coastal and oceanic areas
through ontogeny. Its osmoregulation pattern and variations in its tolerance to salinity are …

In animal cells, the cell volume must remain close to constant; thus, the osmolality of the
cytosol must be kept almost equal to that of the cell-surrounding medium to prevent water …

Fish early life stages have been shown to react sensitive to simulated ocean acidification. In
particular, acid–base disturbances elicited by altered seawater carbonate chemistry have …

Developing physiological mechanistic models to predict species' responses to climate‐
driven environmental variables remains a key endeavor in ecology. Such approaches are …

The early benthic juvenile stage of many marine invertebrates is a key step in the transition
from the planktonic larval stages to the benthic adult stage. It is characterised by high …

Salinity tolerance is a determinant of a narrow or wide distribution range of organisms.
Crayfishes are important key species in many aquatic environments so require a better …