The precise orchestration of hormonal regulation at all levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-
gonadal axis is essential for normal reproductive function and fertility. The pulsatile secretion …

Activins are dimeric glycoproteins belonging to the transforming growth factor beta
superfamily and resulting from the assembly of two beta subunits, which may also be …

Impaired testicular function, ie, hypogonadism, can result from a primary testicular disorder
(hypergonadotropic) or occur secondary to hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction …

Mammalian reproductive cycles are controlled by an intricate interplay between the
hypothalamus, pituitary and gonads. Central to the function of this axis is the ability of the …

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is the first key hormone of reproduction. GnRH
analogs are extensively used in in vitro fertilization, and treatment of sex hormone …

The testes produce the male gametes and the male sexual hormones (androgens). The term
spermatogenesis describes and includes all the processes involved in the production of …

The pituitary gonadotropin hormones, FSH and LH, are essential for fertility. Containing an
identical α-subunit (CGA), they are comprised of unique β-subunits, FSHβ and LHβ …

The hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis (HPG) plays vital roles in reproduction and steroid
hormone production in both sexes. The focus of this review is upon gene structures, receptor …

Background Bisphenol A (BPA) is a component of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins, and
polystyrene and is found in many products. Several reports have revealed potent in vivo …

The precise interplay of hormonal influences that governs gonadotropin hormone production
by the pituitary includes endocrine, paracrine and autocrine actions of hypothalamic …