Sensory synapses of the visual and auditory systems must faithfully encode a wide dynamic
range of graded signals, and must be capable of sustained transmitter release over long …

Calcium influx through voltage-gated Ca (CaV) channels is the first step in synaptic
transmission. This review concerns CaV channels at ribbon synapses in primary sense …

Neuroscience research has exploded, with more than fifty thousand neuroscientists applying
increasingly advanced methods. A mountain of new facts and mechanisms has emerged …

Light-evoked voltage responses of rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the vertebrate retina
must be converted to a train of synaptic vesicle release events for transmission to …

Emerging optical synapses with in‐memory computing sensor (IMCS) performance are
considered to be one of the most effective candidates to circumvent the bottleneck of the …

The Ca 2+-dependence of the priming, fusion, and replenishment of synaptic vesicles are
fundamental parameters controlling neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity. Despite …

Transmitter release at synapses is driven by elevated intracellular Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca
2+] i) near the sites of vesicle fusion.[Ca 2+] i signals of profoundly different amplitude and …

Rod and cone photoreceptors possess ribbon synapses that assist in the transmission of
graded light responses to second-order bipolar and horizontal cells of the vertebrate retina …

Rapid and precise neuronal communication is enabled through a highly synchronous
release of signaling molecules neurotransmitters within just milliseconds of the action …

Vesicle release from rod photoreceptors is regulated by Ca2+ entry through L-type channels
located near synaptic ribbons. We characterized sites and kinetics of vesicle release in …