High levels of penetrating cryoprotectants (CPAs) can eliminate ice formation during
cryopreservation of cells, tissues, and organs to cryogenic temperatures. But CPAs become …

Lyophilization of nanoparticle (NP) suspensions is a promising technology to improve
stability, especially during long-term storage, and offers new routes of administration in solid …

Organisms must survive a variety of stressful conditions, including sudden temperature
increases that damage important cellular structures and interfere with essential functions. In …

This review gives a brief overview of experimental approaches used to assess the bending
rigidity of membranes. Emphasis is placed on techniques based on the use of giant …

Oligosaccharides, compounds that are composed of 2–10 monosaccharide residues, are
major carbohydrate sources in habitats populated by lactobacilli. Moreover, oligosaccharide …

Trehalose is a ubiquitous molecule that occurs in lower and higher life forms but not in
mammals. Till about 40 years ago, trehalose was visualized as a storage molecule, aiding …

Trehalose, a disaccharide of glucose, has been reported to accumulate in many organisms
that can withstand extended periods of inanimation. Since this discovery, the properties of …

Lyophilization is a promising approach to ensure the long-term stability of liposomes. After
decades of studies in this field, different lyoprotective mechanisms, such as water …

The preservation of micro-organisms by different drying methodologies has been used for
decades. Freeze drying in particular is the preferred method for transporting and storing vast …

The increasing knowledge about the human microbiome leads to the awareness of how
important probiotics can be for our health. Although further substantiation is required, it …