Background Monitoring target engagement at various stages of drug development is
essential for natural product (NP)-based drug discovery and development. The cellular …

Artemisinin, a prominent anti-malaria drug, is being investigated for its potential as a
repurposed cancer treatment. However, its effectiveness in tumor cell lines remains limited …

Bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogs are frequently detected in human daily necessities and
environmental media. Placental thyroid hormone plays an important role in fetal …

Sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome caused by a dysregulated immune response. A large
number of adaptor proteins have been found to play a pivotal role in sepsis via protein …

In situ-activated therapy is a decent option for localized diseases with improved efficacies
and reduced side effects, which is heavily dependent on the local conversion or activation of …

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) that regulates the
activation of immune cells, which is a target for treating inflammation. In this study …

Populations in malaria endemic areas are frequently exposed to mycotoxin-contaminated
diets. The possible toxicological outcome of co-exposure to dietary aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and …

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) that can recognize
lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and initiate the immune response, to protect the body from …

Neuropathic pain is a common and challenging neurological disease, which renders an
unmet need for safe and effective new therapies. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expressed on …

Muramidase-released protein (MRP) is now being recognized as a critical indicator of the
virulence and pathogenicity of Streptococcus suis (S. suis). However, the identification of …