Integral operator-based theory of characteristic modes (CMs) for conducting, material, and
lossy structures is reviewed. CMs are defined as solutions of a generalized eigenvalue …

To enhance the capability of the characteristic mode analysis (CMA) for electrically large
problems, fast multipole algorithms (FMAs) are incorporated into this increasingly popular …

We present a stabilized theory to address the breakdown or inaccuracy issue for low-
frequency (LF) characteristic mode analysis (CMA). At LFs, to properly preserve the …

This paper presents a brief analysis of the half-width leaky-wave antennas based on the
theory of characteristic mode. The characteristic currents are computed based on the electric …

Application of the electromagnetic scattering theory to the physical models of microwave
remote sensing of natural targets including but not limited to polar ice sheets, soil surface …

The theory of characteristic modes (TCM), which becomes popular recently due to its
importance in the applications of antenna design and theory, is built from the integral …