Aging is characterized by systemic chronic inflammation, which is accompanied by cellular
senescence, immunosenescence, organ dysfunction, and age-related diseases. Given the …

As a consequence of aerobic life, an organism must deal with the continuous generation of
reactive oxygen species (O2-, H2O2,• OH) as byproducts of metabolism and defend itself …

Most research on mechanisms of aging is being conducted in a very limited number of
classical model species, ie, laboratory mouse (Mus musculus), rat (Rattus norvegicus …

Oxygen is essential for most life forms, but it is also inherently toxic due to its
biotransformation into reactive oxygen species (ROS). In fact, the development of many …

Freeze tolerance is an amazing winter survival strategy used by various amphibians and
reptiles living in seasonally cold environments. These animals may spend weeks or months …

Organisms that tolerate wide variations in oxygen availability, especially to hypoxia, usually
face harsh environmental conditions during their lives. Such conditions include, for example …

Publisher Summary Oxygen is essential for most life forms. The full reduction of oxygen to H
2 O by cytochrome oxidase is a key step in the mechanism of aerobic ATP formation …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) progressively depletes GSH content in humans.
Although the accumulated evidence suggests a role of decreased GSH in the pathogenesis …

ATP depletion and succinate accumulation during ischemia lead to oxidative damage to
mammalian organs upon reperfusion. In contrast, freshwater turtles survive weeks of anoxia …

Many invertebrates and ectothermic vertebrates successfully cope with a fluctuating supply
of ambient oxygen—and consequently, a highly variable tissue oxygenation—through …