▪ Abstract The ability of pathogens to obtain iron from transferrins, ferritin, hemoglobin, and
other iron-containing proteins of their host is central to whether they live or die. To combat …

▪ Abstract Iron is an essential element for most organisms, including bacteria. The oxidized
form is insoluble, and the reduced form is highly toxic for most macromolecules and, in …

This is the second set of Handbook of Porphyrin Science. Porphyrins, phthalocyanines and
their numerous analogues and derivatives are materials of tremendous importance in …

The vast majority of bacteria require iron for growth. 1, 2 Iron is an essential element
required for key biological processes, including amino acid synthesis, oxygen transport …

To fulfill their nutritional requirement for iron, bacteria utilize various iron sources which
include the host proteins transferrin and lactoferrin, heme, and low molecular weight iron …

In gram-negative bacteria, type I secretion is carried out by a translocator made up of three
proteins that span the cell envelope. One of these proteins is a specific outer membrane …

Hemes remain one of the most visible and versatile classes of cofactors utilized in biology. 1
Since their discovery, the structural and functional aspects of heme proteins have fascinated …

Type 1 secretion systems (T1SS) are wide-spread among Gram-negative bacteria. An
important example is the secretion of the hemolytic toxin HlyA from uropathogenic strains …

Iron is essential to nearly all life forms on Earth, required for the proper function of enzymes
involved in, for example, respiration, photosynthesis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, nitrogen …

Protein secretion systems are molecular nanomachines used by Gram-negative bacteria to
thrive within their environment. They are used to release enzymes that hydrolyze complex …