It is widely accepted that human and nonhuman species possess a specialized system to
process large approximate numerosities. The theory of an evolutionarily ancient …

Brains that are capable of representing numerosity, the number of items in a set, have arisen
repeatedly and independently in different animal taxa. This review compares the cognitive …

Evidence has been reported for quantity discrimination in mammals and birds and, to a
lesser extent, fish and amphibians. For the latter species, however, whether quantity …

Numerical cognition is ubiquitous in the animal kingdom. Domestic chicks are a widely used
developmental model for studying numerical cognition. Soon after hatching, chicks can …

How our intuitive understanding of numbers is deeply rooted in our biology, traceable
through both evolution and development. Humans' understanding of numbers is intuitive …

Humans and other animals share a number sense', an intuitive understanding of countable
quantities. Having evolved independent from one another for hundreds of millions of years …

It is well known that humans describe and think of numbers as being represented in a spatial
configuration, known as the 'mental number line'. The orientation of this representation …

Discrimination of quantity (magnitude) was investigated in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Male
zebrafish chose to approach the location previously occupied by the larger in number …

In a variety of circumstances animals can represent numerical values per se, although it is
unclear how salient numbers are relative to non-numerical properties. The question is then …

Humans and nonhuman great apes share a sense for intuitive statistical reasoning, making
intuitive probability judgments based on proportional information. This ability is of …