In spite of the long‐term interest in the process of balancing selection, its frequency in
genomes and evolutionary significance remain unclear due to challenges related to its …

Balancing selection describes any form of natural selection, which results in the persistence
of multiple variants of a trait at intermediate frequencies within populations. By offering up a …

Males and females share many traits that have a common genetic basis; however, selection
on these traits often differs between the sexes, leading to sexual conflict,. Under such sexual …

The evolution of sexual dimorphism is constrained by a shared genome, leading to 'sexual
antagonism', in which different alleles at given loci are favoured by selection in males and …

Balancing selection refers to a variety of selective regimes that maintain advantageous
genetic diversity within populations. We review the history of the ideas regarding the types of …

Sexual dimorphism is a substantial contributor to the diversity observed in nature, extending
from elaborate traits to the expression level of individual genes. Sexual conflict and sexually …

From genes to communities, understanding how diversity is maintained remains a
fundamental question in biology. One challenging to identify, yet potentially ubiquitous …

How common is balancing selection, and what fraction of phenotypic variance is attributable
to balanced polymorphisms? Despite decades of research, answers to these questions …

Many genes are subject to contradictory selection pressures in males and females, and
balancing selection resulting from sexual conflict has the potential to substantially increase …

Antagonistic selection—where alleles at a locus have opposing effects on male and female
fitness (“sexual antagonism”) or between components of fitness (“antagonistic pleiotropy”) …