Objectives The objective of this review is to explore interactions between physicians and the
pharmaceutical industry including sales representatives and their impact on physicians' …

Collaborations of physicians and researchers with industry can provide valuable benefits to
society, particularly in the translation of basic scientific discoveries to new therapies and …

Background Pharmaceutical companies spent $57.5 billion on pharmaceutical promotion in
the United States in 2004. The industry claims that promotion provides scientific and …

Importance Given scrutiny over financial conflicts of interest in health care, it is important to
understand the types and distribution of industry-related payments to physicians. Objective …

It is easier to resist at the beginning than at the end.–Leonardo da VinciPhysicians often
believe that a conscious commitment to ethical behavior and professionalism will protect …

Professional medical associations (PMAs) play an essential role in defining and advancing
health care standards. Their conferences, continuing medical education courses, practice …

The pharmaceutical industry, in its marketing efforts, often turns to “key opinion leaders” or
“KOLs” to disseminate scientific information. Drawing on the author's fieldwork, this article …

Organized medicine's modern-day professionalism movement has reached the quarter-
century mark. In this article, the authors travel to an earlier time to examine the concept of …

Professionals often face conflicts of interest that give them an incentive to provide biased
advice, and disclosure (informing advisees about the conflict) is frequently proposed as a …

Professionalism is an Anglo-American disease. Durkheim and others as standing over
against—Eliot Freidson, 1983 markets. By the 1970s, however, historical and …