Much work has been undertaken quantifying the abundance of phyllosilicate clay minerals
in soils, sediments and rocks of Earth's crust. However, no detailed global compilation of …

Over 50% of Earth is covered by oceanic crust, the uppermost portion of which is a high-
permeability layer of basaltic lavas through which seawater continuously circulates. Fluid …

This paper provides an overview of the Curiosity rover's exploration at Vera Rubin ridge
(VRR) and summarizes the science results. VRR is a distinct geomorphic feature on lower …

Carbon and other volatiles in the form of gases, fluids or mineral phases are transported
from Earth's surface into the mantle at convergent margins, where the oceanic crust …

Changing conditions on the Earth's surface can have a remarkable influence on the
composition of its overwhelmingly more massive interior. The global distribution of uranium …

The Iceland Deep Drilling Project research well RN-15/IDDP-2 at Reykjanes, Iceland,
reached its target of supercritical conditions at a depth of 4.5 km in January 2017. After only …

Subduction is a key element in the carbon cycle between the Earth's surface and deep
interior. In addition to pressure (P) and temperature (T), oxygen fugacity (ƒO 2) is an …

The feedbacks between changes in atmospheric CO2 levels, climate, and CO2 drawdown
into rocks are incompletely understood. In particular, the role of the upper oceanic crust in …

Liberation of fluids during subduction of oceanic crust is thought to transfer sulfur into the
overlying sub-arc mantle. However, despite the importance of sulfur cycling through …

Paleoarchean jaspilites are used to track ancient ocean chemistry and photoautotrophy
because they contain hematite interpreted to have formed following biological oxidation of …