Platelets are essential effector cells in hemostasis. Aside from their role in coagulation,
platelets are now recognized as major inflammatory cells with key roles in the innate and …

Phagocytosis is an essential mechanism in innate immune defense, and in maintaining
homeostasis to eliminate apoptotic cells or microbes, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis …

Caspase-recruitment domain 9 (CARD9) protein is expressed in many cells especially in
immune cells, and is critically involved in the function of the innate and adaptive immune …

Mitochondria are important cellular organelles involved in many different functions, from
energy generation and fatty acid oxidation to cell death regulation and immune responses …

Gut microbial components serve as ligand for various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)
present on immune cells and thereby regulates host immunity. Dendritic cells (DCs) are …

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains as a leading killer
among infectious diseases worldwide. The nature of the host immune response dictates …

The major causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), ie, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), has
developed mechanisms to evade host defense responses and persist within host cells for …

Although nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are considered opportunistic infections,
incidence and prevalence of NTM infection are increasing worldwide becoming a major …

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), as the “sensors” in the immune response, play a
prominent role in recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and …

One of the first steps toward mounting an effective immune response to Mycobacterium
tuberculosis (Mtb) is recognition of the pathogen through pattern-recognition receptors …