Neurotransmitters are considered as a fundamental regulator in the process of neuronal
growth, differentiation and survival. Parkinson's Disease (PD) occurs due to extensive …

The cytology and connections of the lateral habenula (LHb) are reviewed. The habenula is
first introduced, after which the cytology of the LHb is discussed mainly with reference to cell …

The anteroventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (avBNST) is widely acknowledged as a
key brain structure that regulates negative emotional states, such as anxiety. At present, it is …

Anxiety disorders often co-occur with alcohol use disorders, but the mechanisms underlying
this comorbidity remain elusive. Previously, we reported that rats withdrawn from chronic …

In the healthy brain, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is regulated by neurons and glia.
This begs the question: what happens in the malfunctioning brain? There are many reasons …

The anteroventral bed nucleus of stria terminalis (avBNST) is a key brain region which
involves negative emotional states, such as anxiety. The most neurons in the avBNST are …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex illness with a constellation of environmental insults
and genetic vulnerabilities being implicated. Strikingly, many studies only focus on the …

Besides the hallmark motor symptoms (rest tremor, hypokinesia, rigidity, and postural
instability), patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have non-motor symptoms, namely …

The lateral habenula (LHb) is a key brain region implicated in the pathology of major
depressive disorder (MDD). Specifically, excitatory LHb neurons are known to be …

Recent studies show that neuron-glial communication plays an important role in
neurological diseases. Particularly, dysfunction of astroglial glutamate transporter GLT-1 has …