Optogenetic techniques have been developed to allow control over the activity of selected
cells within a highly heterogeneous tissue, using a combination of genetic engineering and …

Optogenetic actuators enable highly precise spatiotemporal interrogation of biological
processes at levels ranging from the subcellular to cells, circuits and behaving organisms …

In humans, traumatic social experiences can contribute to psychiatric disorders. It is
suggested that social trauma impairs brain reward function such that social behaviour is no …

Optogenetic manipulation of neuronal activity through excitatory and inhibitory opsins has
become an indispensable experimental strategy in neuroscience research. For many …

Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators mediate communication between neurons and
other cell types; knowledge of release dynamics is critical to understanding their …

Information is carried between brain regions through neurotransmitter release from axonal
presynaptic terminals. Understanding the functional roles of defined neuronal projection …

Fiber photometry is a key technique for characterizing brain-behavior relationships in vivo.
Initially, it was primarily used to report calcium dynamics as a proxy for neural activity via …

Perception of threats is essential for survival. Previous findings suggest that parallel
pathways independently relay innate threat signals from different sensory modalities to …

Central nervous system neurons communicate via fast synaptic transmission mediated by
ligand-gated ion channel (LGIC) receptors and slower neuromodulation mediated by G …

Rhodopsins are photoreceptive membrane proteins consisting of a common heptahelical
transmembrane architecture that contains a retinal chromophore. Rhodopsin was first …