Congenital heart disease is the most common birth defect, and because of major advances
in medical and surgical management, there are now more adults living with congenital heart …

Many of the internal organ systems of Drosophila melanogaster are functionally analogous
to those in vertebrates, including humans. Although humans and flies differ greatly in terms …

In this FlyBook chapter, we present a survey of the current literature on the development of
the hematopoietic system in Drosophila. The Drosophila blood system consists entirely of …

Biomphalaria snails are instrumental in transmission of the human blood fluke Schistosoma
mansoni. With the World Health Organization's goal to eliminate schistosomiasis as a global …

Gene regulatory networks are the most complex, extensive control systems found in nature.
The interaction between biology and evolution has been the subject of great interest in …

The growth and differentiation factor transforming growth factor-β2 (TGFβ2) is thought to play
important roles in multiple developmental processes. Targeted disruption of the TGF β2 …

Mutations in the gene encoding the homeobox transcription factor NKX2-5 were found to
cause nonsyndromic, human congenital heart disease. A dominant disease locus …

The heart, an ancient organ and the first to form and function during embryogenesis, evolved
by the addition of new structures and functions to a primitive pump. Heart development is …

▪ Abstract Metazoans contain multiple types of muscle cells that share several common
properties, including contractility, excitability, and expression of overlapping sets of muscle …

The cytoplasmic focal adhesion protein-tyrosine kinase (FAK) localizes with surface integrin
receptors at sites where cells attach to the extracellular matrix. Increased FAK tyrosine …