The feather is a complex epidermal organ with hierarchical branches and represents a multi-
layered topological transformation of keratinocyte sheets. Feathers are made in feather …

The two main pigment types in bird feathers are the red, orange, and yellow carotenoids and
the black, gray, and brown melanins. Reports conflict, however, regarding the potential for …

Feathers tend to be darkly colored in habitats where relative humidity is high and pale where
it is low. We suggest that this correlation, known as Gloger's rule, results, in part, from …

Sexual dichromatism, a difference in coloration between males and females, may be due to
sexual selection for ornamentation and mate choice. Here, we show that carotenoid-based …

Carotenoid pigments are a widespread source of ornamental coloration in vertebrates and
expression of carotenoid–based colour displays has been shown to serve as an important …

1. Many birds sequester carotenoid pigments in colourful patches of feathers to advertise or
compete for mates. Because carotenoids can be scarce in nature and serve valuable …

The first source to collect the latest evidence linking carotenoids to human health and
disease, this stimulating reference studies the role of carotenoids in the prevention of …

Carotenoid pigments are responsible for many examples of sexually attractive red, orange,
and yellow coloration in animals and play an important role in antioxidant and immune …

Many sexually selected traits are thought to be costly to produce, which ensures that they
communicate information honestly to conspecifics. Carotenoid pigmentation is classically …

Colour is often used as an aposematic warning signal, with predator learning expected to
lead to a single colour pattern within a population. However, there are many puzzling cases …