Abstract The Archean era (4 to 2.5 billion years ago, Ga) yielded rocks that include the
oldest conclusive traces of life as well as many controversial occurrences. Carbonaceous …

The conditions, timing, and setting for the origin of life on Earth and whether life exists
elsewhere in our solar system and beyond represent some of the most fundamental …

Pillow lava rims from the Mesoarchean Barberton Greenstone Belt in South Africa contain
micrometer-scale mineralized tubes that provide evidence of submarine microbial activity …

Abstract The Early Cretaceous Ontong Java Plateau (OJP) represents by far the largest
igneous event on Earth in the last 200 Ma and yet, despite its size, the OJP's basaltic crust …

Most ecosystems on Earth exist in permanent darkness, one or more steps removed from the
light-driven surface world. This collection of dark habitats is the most poorly understood on …

Alteration textures in volcanic glass from the seafloor fall into two classes, one suggestive of
abiotic/diffusive hydration and chemical exchange, and another likely to be caused by …

We used molecular techniques to analyze basalts of varying ages that were collected from
the East Pacific Rise, 9° N, from the rift axis of the Juan de Fuca Ridge and from neighboring …

The rock-cut city of Vardzia is an example of the extraordinary rupestrian cultural heritage of
Georgia. The site, Byzantine in age, was carved in the steep tuff slopes of the Erusheti …

The rocks and sediments of the oceanic subsurface represent a diverse mosaic of
environments potentially inhabited by microorganisms. Understanding microbial ecosystems …

Exceptionally well-preserved pillow lavas and inter-pillow hyaloclastites from the Barberton
Greenstone Belt in South Africa contain textural, geochemical, and isotopic biomarkers …