Fracture pattern development has been a challenging area of research in the Earth sciences
for more than 100 years. Much has been learned about the spatial and temporal complexity …

Mud volcanism and diapirism have puzzled geoscientists for∼ 2 centuries. They have been
described onshore and offshore in many places on Earth, and although they occur in various …

Subduction zone plate boundary megathrust faults accommodate relative plate motions with
spatially varying sliding behavior. The 2004 Sumatra‐Andaman (Mw 9.2), 2010 Chile (Mw …

Exhumed fault zones offer insights into deformation processes associated with earthquakes
in unparalleled spatial resolution; however it can be difficult to differentiate seismic slip from …

Along plate boundary subduction thrusts, the transformation of smectite to illite within fault
gouge at temperatures of∼ 150° C is one of the key mineralogical changes thought to …

Subduction thrust faults generate earthquakes over a limited depth range. They are aseismic
in their seaward updip portions and landward downdip of a critical point. The seaward …

Large coseismic slip was thought to be unlikely to occur on the shallow portions of plate-
boundary thrusts, but the 11 March 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake [moment magnitude (M …

The slip behavior of major faults depends largely on the frictional and hydrologic properties
of fault gouge. We report on laboratory experiments designed to measure the strength …

A fundamental problem in fault mechanics is whether slip instability associated with
earthquake nucleation depends on absolute fault strength. We present laboratory …

Seismic reflection profiles reveal steeply landward–dipping splay faults in the rupture area of
the magnitude (M) 8.1 Tonankai earthquake in the Nankai subduction zone. These splay …