The route by which gas-phase molecules in hydrocarbon flames form condensed-phase
carbonaceous nanoparticles (incipient soot) is reviewed. These products of incomplete …

The mechanism of carbon particulate (soot) inception has been a subject of numerous
studies and debates. The article begins with a critical review of prior proposals, proceeds to …

Mystery surrounds the transition from gas-phase hydrocarbon precursors to terrestrial soot
and interstellar dust, which are carbonaceous particles formed under similar conditions …

The understanding of soot formation in combustion processes and the optimization of
practical combustion systems require in situ measurement techniques that can provide …

Soot is responsible for notoriously detrimental effects on human health, air quality, and
global and regional climate. Controlling soot emissions to the atmosphere will require …

Over the last two decades, our understanding of soot formation has evolved from an
empirical, phenomenological description to an age of quantitative modeling for at least small …

The early stages of soot formation, namely inception and growth, are highly debated and
central to many ongoing studies in combustion research. Here, we provide new insights into …

Combustion is directly related to energy conversion and the environment. Gas-phase
chemical reactions such as thermal decomposition, oxidation and recombination play a …

A detailed model of soot formation is proposed, which consists of a gas-phase kinetic model
for the pyrolysis and oxidation of selected hydrocarbon fuels and a kinetic mechanism of …

The details of the chemical and physical mechanisms of the soot formation process in
combustion remain uncertain due to the highly complex nature of hydrocarbon flames, and …