In March 2020, the UK was placed in lockdown following the spread of the Covid-19 virus.
Just as legitimate workplaces made changes to enable their employees to work from home …

This article explores the relationship between school exclusion and youth crime and
considers what criminological research can add to our understanding. The article first …

Purpose This paper aims to present an analysis of a “county lines” safeguarding partnership
in a large city region of England. A critical analysis of current literature and practice …

Government policies relating to dealers in 'county lines' drugs trafficking cases have been
welcomed as a departure from punitive approaches to drugs and 'gang'policing, in that those …

The hidden world of illicit drug markets, including how they change over time and the role of
the police in responding to them, has been a principal concern of criminologists for decades …

Social media provide novel opportunities for street gangs to operate beyond their traditional
borders to sell drugs, recruit members and control their territory, virtually and physically …

This article explores urban men's involvement in the drug economy, examining the
conditions in which they become 'trapped'in difficult lifeworlds and identities. Through an …

Despite an ongoing assumption in common representation and even much drug market
literature to the opposite, drug markets are significantly differentiated in terms of who …

In recent years, children's involvement in County Lines drug trafficking (CL) has been of
increasing concern to national government, the police and safeguarding agencies …

The concept of 'County Lines' denotes an exploitative type of illegal drug distribution and
dealing criminal enterprise that is indicative of the development of new strategies to …