Intracellular α-synuclein (α-syn)-rich protein aggregates called Lewy pathology (LP) and
neuronal death are commonly found in the brains of patients with clinical Parkinson disease …

The cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are caused by the death of
dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SN c). Alpha‐synuclein …

Significant advances have been made uncovering the factors that render neurons
vulnerable in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the critical pathogenic events leading to …

Involuntary movements, or dyskinesia, represent a debilitating complication of levodopa (L-
dopa) therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) are ultimately …

A longstanding goal in neuroscience has been to image membrane voltage across a
population of individual neurons in an awake, behaving mammal. Here we describe a …

Cardinal motor features of Parkinson's disease (PD) include bradykinesia, rest tremor, and
rigidity, which appear in the early stages of the disease and largely depend on …

The mesocorticolimbic pathway is canonically known as the" reward pathway." Embedded
within the center of this circuit is the striatum, a massive and complex network hub that …

The pathological process underlying amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is associated with
the formation of cytoplasmic inclusions consisting mainly of phosphorylated 43-kDa …

Transmission from striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs) controls dopamine release
through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on dopaminergic axons. Anatomical …

This Perspective will examine the organization of intrastriatal circuitry, review recent findings
in this area, and discuss how the pattern of connectivity between striatal neurons might give …