In the presence of multivalent cations, high molecular weight DNA undergoes a dramatic
condensation to a compact, usually highly ordered toroidal structure. This review begins with …

DNA is stored in vivo in a highly compact, so-called condensed phase, where gene
regulatory processes are governed by the intricate interplay between different states of DNA …

Poly (ethylene glycol)(PEG) has been widely used for decades as a “gold standard” in
bioconjugation, nanomedicine, and antifouling. Although being extensively studied since …

The size and complexity of the structure of macromolecules allows the combination of
different, in some cases even antagonistic, properties, eg, in solubility, in flexibility, or …

A simple electrostatic theory of condensation of rodlike polyelectrolytes under influence of
polyvalent counterions is proposed. It is based on the idea that counterions form a Wigner …

Recent advances in single molecule experiments have raised many challenges. These
challenges can be met by a proper understanding of the inter-and intra-molecular …

The elastic response of single plasmid and lambda phage DNA molecules was probed
using optical tweezers at concentrations of trivalent cations that provoked DNA …

Compaction is the process in which a large DNA molecule undergoes a transition between
an elongated conformation and a very compact form. In nature, DNA compaction occurs to …

Polyion complex (PIC) micelles composed of the poly (ethylene glycol)–poly (l-lysine)(PEG–
PLL) block copolymer and plasmid DNA (pDNA) were investigated in this study from a …

The coexistence of two different conformational states in one molecule has been visualized
by scanning force microscopy for a rod− globule transition of brush molecules adsorbed on …