Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential role in regulating various physiological
functions of living organisms. The intrinsic biochemical properties of ROS, which underlie …

The RNA interference (RNAi) pathway regulates mRNA stability and translation in nearly all
human cells. Small double-stranded RNA molecules can efficiently trigger RNAi silencing of …

Ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the most clinically advanced nano‐delivery system
for therapeutic nucleic acids. The great effort put in the development of ionizable lipids with …

The first therapeutic nucleic acid, a DNA oligonucleotide, was approved for clinical use in
1998. Twenty years later, in 2018, the first therapeutic RNA-based oligonucleotide was …

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which downregulate gene expression guided by sequence
complementarity, can be used therapeutically to block the synthesis of disease-causing …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved small non-coding RNAs that have crucial
roles in regulating gene expression. Increasing evidence supports a role for miRNAs in …

The successful in vivo implementation of gene expression modulation strategies relies on
effective, non-immunogenic delivery vehicles. Lipid nanoparticles are one of the most …

Lyophilization of nanoparticle (NP) suspensions is a promising technology to improve
stability, especially during long-term storage, and offers new routes of administration in solid …

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) affects not only local diseases in the GIT but also various
systemic diseases. Factors that can affect the health and disease of both GIT and the human …

Previous studies have identified relevant genes and signalling pathways that are hampered
in human disorders as potential candidates for therapeutics. Developing nucleic acid-based …