The cell cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell, which drives it to divide and
produce two new daughter cells. The typical cell cycle in eukaryotes is composed of the …

Akt is a serine/threonine kinase and it participates in the key role of the PI3K signaling
pathway. The Akt can be activated by a wide range of growth signals and the biochemical …

The combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors with antiestrogen therapies significantly improves
clinical outcomes in ER-positive advanced breast cancer. To identify mechanisms of …

Over the past two decades, our understanding of phospoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) has
progressed from the identification of an enzymatic activity associated with growth factors …

Inhibition of HER2 in HER2-amplified breast cancer has been remarkably successful
clinically, as demonstrated by the efficacy of HER-kinase inhibitors and HER2-antibody …

The serine/threonine kinase Akt, also known as protein kinase B (PKB), is a central node in
cell signaling downstream of growth factors, cytokines, and other cellular stimuli. Aberrant …

Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases, PI3Ks, constitute a lipid kinase family characterized by their
ability to phosphorylate inositol ring 3′-OH group in inositol phospholipids to generate the …

The year 2007 marks exactly two decades since Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-
2 (HER2) was functionally implicated in the pathogenesis of human breast cancer. This …

Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS), a type of phase transition that is important in
organisms, is a unique means of forming biomolecular condensates. LLPS plays a …

Abstract The PI3K/Akt signal transduction cascade has been investigated extensively for its
roles in oncogenic transformation. Initial studies implicated both PI3K and Akt in prevention …