Apicomplexan parasites cause severe diseases such as malaria, toxoplasmosis, and
coccidiosis (caused by Plasmodium spp., Toxoplasma, and Eimeria, respectively). These …

Proteins are targeted to plastids by N‐terminal transit peptides, which are recognized by
protein import complexes in the organelle membranes. Historically, transit peptide properties …

The biggest unsolved problems in chloroplast evolution are the origins of dinoflagellate and
euglenoid chloroplasts, which have envelopes of three membranes not two like plants and …

For proliferation, the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum needs to modify the infected
host cell extensively. To achieve this, the parasite exports proteins containing a Plasmodium …

The light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) of land plants and green algae have essential roles
in light capture and photoprotection. Though the functional diversity of the individual LHC …

The plastid (apicoplast) of the malaria-causing parasite Plasmodium falciparum was derived
via a secondary endosymbiotic process. As in other secondary endosymbionts, numerous …

Protein trafficking pathways to plastids are directed by N-terminal targeting peptides. In
plants this consists of a relatively simple transit peptide, while in organisms with secondary …

Plastids with two bounding membranes—as exemplified by red algae, green algae, plants,
and glaucophytes—derive from primary endosymbiosis: a process involving engulfment and …

Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) is a glycolytic enzyme that is well conserved among the
three domains of life. PGK is usually a monomeric enzyme of about 45 kDa that catalyses …

Secondary endosymbiosis describes the origin of plastids in several major algal groups
such as dinoflagellates, euglenoids, heterokonts, haptophytes, cryptomonads …