Phages differ substantially in the bacterial hosts that they infect. Their host range is
determined by the specific structures that they use to target bacterial cells. Tailed phages …

The anaerobic oxidation of methane coupled to sulfate reduction is a microbially mediated
process requiring a syntrophic partnership between anaerobic methanotrophic (ANME) …

Endosymbiotic bacteria have evolved intricate delivery systems that enable these organisms
to interface with host biology. One example, the extracellular contractile injection systems …

Originally, viruses were defined as miniscule infectious agents that passed through filters
that retain even the smallest cells. Subsequently, viruses were considered obligate …

All cellular life forms are afflicted by diverse genetic parasites, including viruses and other
types of mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and have evolved multiple, diverse defence …

The bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS) system is a contractile secretion apparatus
that delivers proteins to neighboring bacterial or eukaryotic cells. Antibacterial effectors are …

Bacteriophages are the most abundant biological entity on earth, acting as the predators
and evolutionary drivers of bacteria. Owing to their inherent ability to specifically infect and …

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a multiprotein machine that uses a spring-like
mechanism to inject effectors into target cells. The injection apparatus is composed of a …

Bacteriophages (phages) are selective viral predators of bacteria. Abundant and ubiquitous
in nature, phages can be used to treat bacterial infections (phage therapy), including …

Contractile injection systems (CISs) are phage tail-related structures that are encoded in
many bacterial genomes. These devices encompass the cell-based type VI secretion …