Opioids are widely used as therapeutic agents against moderate to severe acute and
chronic pain. Still, these classes of analgesic drugs have many potential limitations as they …

Morphine and related µ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists remain among the most effective
drugs known for acute relief of severe pain. A major problem in treating painful conditions is …

Opium is one of the world's oldest drugs, and its derivatives morphine and codeine are
among the most used clinical drugs to relieve severe pain. These prototypical opioids …

The concept of ligand bias at G protein-coupled receptors broadens the possibilities for
agonist activities and provides the opportunity to develop safer, more selective therapeutics …

Biased agonism describes the ability of ligands to stabilize different conformations of a
GPCR linked to distinct functional outcomes and offers the prospect of designing pathway …

Endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of receptors are pivotal to maintain physiological
functions and drug action; however, robust quantitative approaches are lacking to study …

In ligand bias different agonist drugs are thought to produce distinct signaling outputs when
activating the same receptor. If these signaling outputs mediate therapeutic versus adverse …

Members of the seven-transmembrane receptor (7TMR), or G protein-coupled receptor
(GPCR), superfamily represent some of the most successful targets of modern drug therapy …

Seven transmembrane receptors (7TMRs), commonly referred to as G protein-coupled
receptors, form a large part of the “druggable” genome. 7TMRs can signal through parallel …

Opioids are the most effective analgesic drugs for the management of moderate or severe
pain, yet their clinical use is often limited because of the onset of adverse side effects. Drugs …