Surviving changing climate conditions is particularly difficult for organisms such as insects
that depend on environmental temperature to regulate their physiological functions. Insects …

A latitudinal gradient in biodiversity has existed since before the time of the dinosaurs, yet
how and why this gradient arose remains unresolved. Here we review two major hypotheses …

Mean global temperatures have risen this century, and further warming is predicted to
continue for the next 50–100 years,,. Some migratory species can respond rapidly to yearly …

The first photographs of the Earth to be taken from outer space are said to have had a
profound influence on how humanity perceives its place in the Universe. They provided a …

This third edition of Reconstructing Quaternary Environments has been completely revised
and updated to provide a new account of the history and scale of environmental changes …

Extinction is rarely random across ecological and geological time scales. Traits that make
some species more extinction-prone include individual traits, such as body size, and …

Climate is a driver of biotic systems. It affects individual fitness, population dynamics,
distribution and abundance of species, and ecosystem structure and function. Regional …

Parasitoids depend on a series of adaptations to the ecology and physiology of their hosts
and host plants for survival and are thus likely highly susceptible to changes in …

The environmental and biotic history of the late Quaternary represents a critical junction
between ecology, global change studies, and pre-Quaternary paleobiology. Late Quaternary …

We suggest Milankovitch climate oscillations as a common cause for geographical patterns
in species diversity, species' range sizes, polyploidy, and the degree of specialization and …