The hygiene hypothesis has been popularized as an explanation for the rapid increase in
allergic disease observed over the past 50 years. Subsequent epidemiological studies have …

Multiple sclerosis (MS), a neurological autoimmune disorder, has recently been linked to
neuro-inflammatory influences from the gut. In this review, we address the idea that …

Environmental mismatches are defined as changes in the environment that induce public
health crises. Well known mismatches leading to chronic disease include the availability of …

The process of microbiome development arguably begins before birth. Vertical transmission
of bacteria from the mother to the infant is a keystone event in microbiome development …

The avoidance of infectious disease by widespread use of 'systems hygiene', defined by
hygiene-enhancing technology such as sewage systems, water treatment facilities, and …

In a single human gut, which is estimated to produce 1000-times more bacteria in a single
day than the entire human population on Earth as of 2020, the potential for evolution is vast …

Evolutionary medicine is a growing area of research and practice; however, it is not widely
discussed in introductory biology courses. Because of the interest in human biology, using …

Multiple sclerosis (MS), a neurological autoimmune disorder, has recently been linked to
neuroinflammatory influences from the gut. In this review, we address the idea that …