Background The use of botulinum toxin as an investigative and treatment modality for
strabismus is well reported in the medical literature. However, it is unclear how effective it is …

Purpose: To perform a systematic review of the application of botulinum toxin A (BTA) in the
management of strabismus in the adult and pediatric populations. Materials and methods: A …

Spasticity is one component of the upper motor neuron (UMN) syndrome resulting from a
multitude of neurologic conditions, such as stroke, brain injury, spinal cord injury, multiple …

Purpose To evaluate the rate of and predictive factors for successful treatment of restrictive
myopathy in thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) using botulinum toxin injection. Methods …

Purpose To investigate the efficacy of botulinum toxin injection without electromyographic
guidance for the treatment of consecutive esotropia. Methods A retrospective study was …

Objetivos: evaluar los resultados obtenidos con el uso de la toxina botulínica A en la
corrección del estrabismo paralítico e identificar los factores asociados que influyen sobre la …

Botulinum toxin is an important treatment for many conditions in ophthalmology, including
strabismus, nystagmus, blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, spastic and congenital …

Background The use of botulinum toxin as an investigative and treatment modality for
strabismus is well reported in the medical literature. However, it is unclear how effective it is …

Purpose. To report on an improved botulinum toxin injection with conjunctival microincision
for beginners, and to determine the effectiveness of botulinum toxin A (BTXA) in the …

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin injection in the patients with type 1
Duane syndrome and identify the predictive factors for success. Methods Sixteen patients …